1811-1863
Son of Thomas BRUCE, 7th Earl. Colonial administrator and diplomat (Jamaica, Canada). Negotiated Treaty of Tientsin 1858. Negotiated teaty with Japan 1858. In 1860-61 in the course of the 2nd Opium War he continued a family tradition of large-scale vandalism by presiding over the looting and destruction of the Summer Palace in Pekin. Viceroy of India 1862.
- "Letters and journals." Ed. T. Walrond. 1872.
For Elgin in China, see also:
LOCH, H.B.
OLIPHANT, Laurence
OSBORN, Sherard

1692-1757
Military engineer. Took service in Prussia, then Russia.
- "Memoirs...." 1782. Repr. London / (cat. 1969) / Frank Cass.

1766-1841
Despoiler of the Parthenon.

1867-1921
Oceanographer and Polar explorer. Various expeditions 1892-9. Led Scottish national Antarctic expedition in Scotia to Weddell Sea, 1902-4. Named Coats Land after its sponsor (James C., Scotch industrialist.) Explored Spitzbergen 1906-20.
- Brown, R.N.R., Mossman, R.C., and Pirie, J.H.H.:"The voyage of the Scotia... by 3 of the staff." London & Edinburgh / 1906 / Blackwood.

1827-1894
German Egyptologist. Pub. over 30 books. See also HÄNTZSCHE.

d.1632
Travelled in Canada with CHAMPLAIN and alone. Killed by the Hurons.

Voyage to Africa 1624.
Cf. RUITERS, Dierick

1810-1858
Savoyard traveller and trader dealking in gum and ivory. Established business at Khartoum and travelled White Nile, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Sobat seeking, but failing to find, a clear passage through to Central Africa (later discovered by SCHWEINFURTH). D. Khartoum.
- "Le Nil Blanc et le Soudan." Paris / 1855.

Danish explorer. With John KNIGHT on Labrador expedition, 1606.

1838-1922
Historian, lawyer, traveller and statesman. Ambassador to Washington 1907-13. Moving spirit in founding of League of Nations.
- "Transcaucasia and Ararat." London / cat. 1891 / Macmillan.
- "Impression of S. Africa" London / 1897.